Indonesia is the second largest fishery producer in the world, producing many small pelagic fish. To improve information for sustainable fishery management in the Sulawesi Sea, we examined the reproductive biology of the main target species, the mackerel

Decapterus macarellus and D. macrosoma are economically important pelagic fish species that are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical seas. The two species are often mistakenly identified due to their morphological similarities as described in

Mackerel scad Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833), a small pelagic species, is the major catch in Asia, particularly in Indonesia. Despite a high catch volume, its utilization status is relatively unknown since stock assessment is mostly conducted for