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  1. Characteristics of the common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) include12345:
    • Largest and most common of the northern species.
    • Usually dark gray with a solid spiral shell.
    • Low-growing, mat-forming, purple-flowering perennial.
    • Evergreen groundcover with dark green foliage.
    • Grows well in both full sun and full shade.
    Learn more:
    The common periwinkle, Littorina littorea, is the largest, most common and widespread of the northern species. It may reach a length of 4 centimetres (1 1/2 inches), is usually dark gray, and has a solid spiral (turbinate) shell that readily withstands the buffeting of waves.
    www.britannica.com/animal/periwinkle-marine-snail
    Common periwinkle is a low-growing, mat-forming, purple-flowering perennial that is woody at the base. Native to Eurasia, it is often grown as a groundcover. It has proven invasive in much of the eastern United States and frequently escapes from cultivation.
    mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/common-p…
    Periwinkle (Vinca minor) is an excellent evergreen groundcover with dark green foliage. Oblong to ovate leaves are opposite, simple, ½ to 2 inches long, glossy, with a short petiole. They exude a milky juice when broken. Flowers are purple, blue or white depending on the cultivar.
    hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/periwinkle/
    Common Periwinkle will grow to be only 4 inches tall at maturity, with a spread of 24 inches. Its foliage tends to remain low and dense right to the ground. It grows at a fast rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for approximately 10 years. This plant performs well in both full sun and full shade.
    buchanansplants.com/plant-library/perennials/com…
    Characteristics: The common periwinkle can grow to a height of more than 4 cm. Black, brown and grey are common colors, but white, orange and even red is not unusual. The spiral ridges are clearly visible on juveniles, but tend to be worn out as the snail grows older. The shell cone is pointing backwards.
    www.seawater.no/fauna/mollusca/littorea.html
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    Common periwinkle - Wikipedia

    The common periwinkle or winkle (Littorina littorea) is a species of small edible whelk or sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc that has gills and an operculum, and is classified within the family Littorinidae, the periwinkles. This is a robust intertidal species with a dark and sometimes banded shell. It is native to … See more

    The shell is broadly ovate, thick, and sharply pointed except when eroded. The shell contains six to seven whorls with some fine threads and wrinkles. The color varies from grayish … See more

    Habitat
    The common periwinkle is mainly found on rocky shores in the higher and middle intertidal zone. It sometimes lives in small tide pools. It may also be found in muddy habitats such as estuaries and can reach depths of 55 … See more

    • Abbott, R. T. (1974). American Seashells. Second edition. New York: Van Nostrand Rheinhold.
    • Abbott, … See more

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    Common periwinkles are native to the northeastern coasts of the Atlantic Ocean, including northern Spain, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia, and Russia.
    There have been more than 14,000 observations made available as a dataset at the Global … See more

    This species appears in prehistoric shellfish middens throughout Europe, and is believed to have been an important source of food since at least 7500 B.C.E. in Scotland. It is still … See more

    Littorina littorea (mollusc) Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine from the Invasive Species Specialist Group website of the See more

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  4. The Common Periwinkle Profile - ThoughtCo

    WEBJun 30, 2013 · Learn about the common periwinkle, a marine snail that is native to western Europe and introduced to North America. Find out how …

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    • Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) - MarLIN - The Marine Life ...

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    • Periwinkle | Home & Garden Information Center

      WEBPeriwinkle (Vinca minor) is an excellent evergreen groundcover with dark green foliage. Oblong to ovate leaves are opposite, simple, ½ to 2 inches long, glossy, with a short petiole. They exude a milky juice when broken.

    • Common Periwinkle - Littorina littorea

      WEBCharacteristics: The common periwinkle can grow to a height of more than 4 cm. Black, brown and grey are common colors, but white, orange and even red is not unusual. The spiral ridges are clearly visible on …

    • Littorina littorea (common periwinkle) | CABI Compendium

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    • Common Periwinkle, Lesser Periwinkle, Vinca minor | VCE …