Fish diversity and ecology in the ocean’s mesopelagic zone are understudied compared to other marine regions despite growing interest in harvesting these potential resources. Otoliths can provide a wealth of taxonomic and life history information about

Carbon stable isotopes (δ13C) are widely used in ecological studies to understand diet, food web dynamics, and movements of marine fishes. Still, δ13C is influenced by lipid content and often requires chemical extraction or mathematical correction. Here,

According to information theory (Shannon and Weaver 1949), the amount of information available to a receiving system depends on both the resolution of the system (i.e., number of channels that collect the information), and the reliability of the information