Bioinvasions have the potential to provoke cascade effects that can disrupt natural ecosystems, and cause ecological regime shifts. The Mediterranean Sea is particularly prone to bioinvasions as the changing water conditions, evoked by climate change,

Reef-building corals, recognized as cornerstone species in marine ecosystems, captivate with their unique duality as both symbiotic partners and autotrophic entities. Beyond their ecological prominence, these corals produce a diverse array of secondary

Coral reefs are critical habitats in the marine environment. Human impact on corals and other associated organisms might lead to degradation. Sponges are the dominant coral-associated organism on most reefs. Sponges occupy many important habitats, hence,