The TGF-β regulatory system plays crucial roles in the preservation of organismal integrity. TGF-β signaling controls metazoan embryo development, tissue homeostasis, and injury repair through coordinated effects on cell proliferation, phenotypic plasticity,

Microbes in the microbiome form complex and dynamic microbial communities in and on their host where they are increasingly associated with host disease and behavior. While these microbial communities include bacterial, archaeal, viral, and eukaryotic

Protozoan parasites are known for their remarkable capacity to persist within the bodies of vertebrate hosts, which frequently results in prolonged infections and the recurrence of diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the event