Holopelagic animals were long assumed to have widespread geographic distributions due to the failure to recognize hydrographic species' barriers in the open ocean. As molecular genetic tools are more commonly used to study the ocean's inhabitants, diversity

Holopelagic animals were long assumed to have widespread geographic distributions due to the failure to recognize hydrographic species' barriers in the open ocean. As molecular genetic tools are more commonly used to study the ocean's inhabitants, diversity

The mesopelagic habitat is a vast space that lacks physical landmarks and is structured by depth, light penetration, and horizontal currents. Solar illumination is visible in the upper 1,000 m of the ocean, becoming dimmer and spectrally filtered with