These two studies explored the genome sizes and ploidy levels of the Arenaria ciliata species complex (Caryophyllaceae). Their papers enabled the first synthesis of the ploidy level variability within this group, concluding that three taxa are predominantly tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40): the arctic A. pseudofrigida and the two alpine taxa A. multicaulis and A. ciliata subsp. ciliata .