Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) is the most abundant forage fish in the Arctic Ocean. Here we review Arctic cod habitats, distribution, ecology, and physiology to assess how climate change and other anthropogenic stressors are affecting this key species.

The Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) represents the most widespread and abundant fish in the Arctic and is a critical trophic link in its ecosystems. Like many species endemic to the region, it has lost essential habitat as the extent and thickness of sea

Ongoing warming and sea-ice reductions in the Arctic can seriously impact cold-water species, such as polar cod ( Boreogadus saida ), necessitating biomonitoring to reveal the ecological consequences. Recent methodological advancements in environmental

Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) is the most abundant forage fish species in Arctic seas and plays a pivotal role in the transfer of energy between zooplankton and top predators. The dominance of Arctic cod and the Arctic’s relatively low biodiversity interact