Platypnea is a descriptive term for breathing difficulty in the upright position that improves in the supine position. Orthodeoxia has a similar meaning but emphasizes the association of breathlessness with the upright position. The diagnosis of platypnea-orthodeoxia

The main consequence of delaying motherhood is compromising a woman's reproductive life with a decline in fertility. A critical step in assisted human reproduction is the evaluation of the quality of oocytes and embryos before embryo transfer, and age

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic larval infection that infects humans globally. The parasite Echinococcus causes the disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global burden of controlling the disease exceeds three billion US dollars annually.[1]