- This group is entirely marine and the interior of the shell is nacreous in some families. All protobranchs are shallow burrowers. One group, the Solemyidae, farm symbiotic bacteria in their gills for food and have a very reduced gut. There are about 10, mostly small-sized families in all. Many are only found in deepwater.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mollusca/mollusca/bivalvia/protobranchia/protobranchia.html
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Protobranchia - Wikipedia
Protobranchia is a subclass of bivalve molluscs. It contains the extant orders Nuculanida, Nuculida, and Solemyida.
These are deep water clams of a small and primitive order with a taxodont hinge (composed of many similar, small teeth), generally with a central ligament pit, large labial palps which are used in deposit feeding and the gills used only for r…Wikipedia · Text under CC-BY-SA license- Estimated Reading Time: 2 mins
Mollusca: Bivalvia: Protobranchia - University of California …
WEBHabitats: Exclusively Marine. Shapes: Feeding Types: Deposit feeders. The protobranchs are mostly small-sized bivalalves with the hinge typically composed of many similar, small teeth (taxodont condition). Notably, they include the so-called nut shells (Nuculidae).
Pterobranchia - Wikipedia
Pterobranchs are small worm-like filter feeders living on the ocean floor, often in relatively deep waters. Like their relatives, the acorn worms, their body is divided into three parts: an anterior proboscis, a collar, and a trunk. The proboscis is wide and flattened at the tip, and in most species contains glands that secrete a tube of organic material in which the pterobranch spends its adult life. The animals are mostly colonial, with several zooids living together in a cluster of tubes. In s…
Wikipedia · Text under CC-BY-SA license- Estimated Reading Time: 6 mins
Protobranch bivalves - ScienceDirect
WEBJan 1, 2002 · The subclass Protobranchia comprises more than 600 species of bivalves that occur throughout the world ocean. Mostly deposit feeders in soft sediments, they are abundant in the deep sea.
- Studies of protobranchia habitat
Pterobranch | Colonial, Filter-Feeders & Suspension-Feeders
WEBThe pterobranch body, like that of the related acorn worm ( q.v. ), can be divided into three regions: a proboscis ( i.e., a tubular sucking organ); a collar with tentacles used to filter food, usually small planktonic plants and animals, from the surrounding water; and a trunk containing a U-shaped gut. There are three genera of pterobranchs.
Into the deep: A phylogenetic approach to the bivalve subclass ...
WEBOct 1, 2013 · Model-based and dynamic homology parsimony approaches to phylogenetic reconstruction unanimously supported four major clades of Protobranchia, irrespective of treatment of hypervariable regions in the nuclear ribosomal genes 18S …
Reproductive morphology of the deep-sea protobranch bivalves
WEBJun 14, 2014 · The Protobranchia are a subclass of small deposit feeding bivalves containing over 600 species globally and represent one of the oldest clades of bivalve with fossil records dating back to the early Ordovician ~ 500 Ma (Allen 1978).
Protobranch bivalves - PubMed
WEBA variety of species of protobranchs are found in oceanic trenches, near hydrothermal vents, and in submarine caves. Protobranchs produce a lecithotrophic larval stage, the pericalymma, making their development unique among bivalves. The pericalymma remains in the plankton for a short time and presumably has low dispersal ability.
(PDF) Protobranch bivalves - ResearchGate
WEBFeb 1, 2002 · The subclass Protobranchia comprises more than 600 species of bivalves that occur throughout the world ocean. Mostly deposit feeders in soft sediments, they are abundant in the deep sea.
On bivalve phylogeny: a high‐level analysis of the Bivalvia …
WEBMay 11, 2005 · The combined analysis supports the monophyly of bivalves, paraphyly of protobranchiate bivalves, and monophyly of Autolamellibranchiata, Pteriomorphia, Heteroconchia, Palaeoheterodonta, and Heterodonta s.l., which includes the monophyletic taxon Anomalodesmata.
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