WEBJan 1, 2022 · The activated sludge process (ASP) is a preferred technology in wastewater treatment due to its many advantages compared to other biotechnologies ( Koh et al., 2009 ). ASPs have been used to deal with many different types of wastewater ( Hamid and Eskicioglu, 2012, Sid et al., 2017 ). More than 90% of domestic wastewater treatment …