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  1. WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Clavelina …

  2. Light bulb sea squirt (Clavelina lepadiformis) - MarLIN - The …

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    Tarjuelo et al. (2002) studied the defence mechanisms of six species of colonial ascidians and found Clavelina lepadiformis to be the least palatable when pieces of the tunic and zooid were offered to predators, Mature larvae were also reported to be highly unpalatable (Tarjuelo et al., 2002).
    Clavelina lepadiformis is a very common shallow water sea squirt that is usually found on vertical rock faces and on the sides of boulders, to about 50 m depth down (Picton & Costello, 1998; Berrill, 1950).
    Clavelina lepadiformis has been noted to be markedly toxic towards invertebrate larvae and bacteria (Teo & Ryland, 1995). Extracts of the species produced high mortality in invertebrates experimentally (Teo & Ryland, 1994). The species is also known to contain the cytotoxic alkaloid, lepadin A (Steffan, 1991).
    No alien or non-native species are known to affect Clavelina lepadiformis in Britain and Ireland. Benchmark. Extraction removes 50% of the species or community from the area under consideration. Sensitivity will be assessed as 'intermediate'. The habitat remains intact or recovers rapidly.
  4. Clavelina lepadiformis - Smithsonian Institution

  5. Bretelzakpijp - Wikipedia

  6. Genomic Resources and Annotations for a Colonial Ascidian, the …

  7. Clavelina lepadiformis - Marine Life Encyclopedia - Habitas

  8. Macrobenthos of the North Sea - Tunicata: Clavelina lepadiformis

  9. A review of the life history, invasion process, and …

    WEBDec 15, 2012 · PDF | The colonial tunicate Clavelina lepadiformis is a recent invader to the northwest Atlantic and has the potential to cause ecological and economic... | Find, read and cite all the research...

  10. Light Bulb Sea Squirt - Clavelina lepadiformis

    WEBThe light bulb sea squirts start to grow in late winter and are ready for reproduction in the summer. During a few hours they release a large number of larvae. These attach to the bottom and forms small buds …