The undulate ray features a disc-shaped body, triangular in the front and near-circular in the rear, and dermal denticles developed … See more

This species has a patchy and discontinuous distribution in northeastern Atlantic. It is found from southern Ireland and England to Senegal, and in the western Mediterranean. It is uncommon overall but can be loca… See more

There are few data about biology of this species. Using vertebrae as growth markers, maximum lifespan was supposed to be 21–23 years. It's an oviparous cartilaginous fish. The females lay their eggs from … See more

The ray eats small fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other macrobenthos. See more

Like other benthonic species of similar size this ray is caught incidentally or intentionally by commercial fisheries using trawls, gillnets, and line gears. It is a common host in public aquariums as fares relatively w… See more

Because of its late sexual maturity and low rate of population growth, undulate ray is extremely vulnerable to exploitation by fisheries. In the north Atlantic, populations have declined severely from the Irish area, and there a… See more