The recently described Pseudopenilia bathyalis Sergeeva, 2004, found in the depths of the Black Sea and initially attrib-uted to family Sididae (Crustacea: Cladocera: Ctenopoda), have after reinvestigation been placed in Pseudopenilidae, a new family

Using literature and field sampling data, we found that Brazilian fauna of the order Ctenopoda (Cladocera, Branchiopoda) was composed of twelve species, including the locally endemic Holopedium amazonicum and Sarsilantona behningi. In Brazil, Diapahanosoma

Pre-Pleistocene representatives of the crustacean order Ctenopoda Sars, 1865 are unknown. Here we describe Mesozoic fossil specimens of ctenopods from two localities in Mongolia: Khotont (Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary, about 145 Mya) and Khutel Khara (Lower