Experimental culture studies of living radiolarians experience many difficulties because radiolarians are too sensitive to be maintained alive in artificial conditions. We here developed an improved experimental protocol in order to detect newly-formed

To study the photosynthetic associations of modern radiolarians, we analyzed plankton samples from waters shallower than 200 m at 30 stations in the western North Pacific. A total of 328 taxa, including morphotypes, were identified from 2091 specimens.

The detailed shell structures of Spongosphaera streptacantha Haeckel collected from the Sea of Japan, off Tassha, Aikawa Town, Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture, central Japan, are described based on high magnification SEM and transmitted light microscopic

Rhizaria are an important component of oceanic plankton communities worldwide. A number of species harbor eukaryotic microalgal symbionts, which are horizontally acquired in the environment at each generation. Although these photosymbioses are determinant

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are known to be valuable markers for the barcoding of eukaryotic life and its phylogenetic classification at various taxonomic levels. The large-scale exploration of environmental microbial diversity through metabarcoding approaches

Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes are known to be valuable markers for the barcoding of eukaryotic life and its phylogenetic classification at various taxonomic levels. The large scale exploration of environmental microbial diversity through metabarcoding approaches

The East China Sea (ECS) is a marginal sea influenced by the Kuroshio Current (KC) and by freshwater discharged by the Changjiang River. In this study, the vertical distribution of polycystine radiolarians in the northern ECS was investigated. We collected