Background Pteropods are planktonic gastropods that are considered as bio-indicators to monitor impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems. In order to gain insight into their adaptive potential to future environmental changes, it is critical

Little is known about when and how planktonic species arise and persist in the open ocean without apparent dispersal barriers. Pteropods are planktonic snails with thin shells susceptible to dissolution that are used as bio-indicators of ocean acidification.

Background: Pteropods are planktonic gastropods that are considered as bio-indicators to monitor impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems. In order to gain insight into their adaptive potential to future environmental changes, it is critical

An overview of shelled pteropod species of the northeast Pacific Ocean, roughly north of 25°N and east of 160°W is presented. For the 34 recognised species (Limacinidae 6, Creseidae 4, Creseidae ? 2, Cuvierinidae 3, Cliidae 6, Cavoliniidae 10, Peraclidae